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Explain about Polymenorrhea .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "

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Polymenorrhea is a menstrual disorder characterized by frequent menstrual periods, where cycles occur less than 21 days apart. It leads to more than one menstrual period per month, which can cause inconvenience, fatigue, and sometimes anemia due to excessive blood loss.

Definition

  • Normal menstrual cycle: Every 21 to 35 days

  • Polymenorrhea: Cycles occurring more frequently than every 21 days

Causes of Polymenorrhea

Hormonal Causes:

  • Ovulation disorders (e.g., anovulation or luteal phase defect)

  • Thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism)

  • Perimenopause – hormonal fluctuations

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – can cause irregular and sometimes more frequent bleeding

Structural Causes:

  • Uterine fibroids or polyps

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

  • Endometriosis

Other Causes:

  • Stress

  • Sudden weight changes

  • Intense physical activity

  • Certain medications

  • Infections

Symptoms

  • Menstrual periods more often than once every 21 days

  • Short menstrual cycles (often with normal or heavy bleeding)

  • Fatigue, due to frequent blood loss

  • Pelvic discomfort or pain (in some underlying conditions)

Diagnosis

  • Menstrual history (tracking cycle length and bleeding)

  • Physical and pelvic examination

  • Blood tests:

    • Hormonal profile (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, TSH)

    • Complete blood count (to check for anemia)

  • Pelvic ultrasound: To look for fibroids, cysts, or polyps

  • Endometrial biopsy: If abnormal bleeding persists or in women over 35

Treatment

Depends on the cause and reproductive goals:

Medical treatments:

  • Hormonal therapy:

    • Combined oral contraceptives

    • Progesterone therapy to regulate the cycle

  • Treating underlying conditions (e.g., thyroid disorders, infections)

Surgical treatments (if structural causes like fibroids are found):

  • Myomectomy

  • Polypectomy

  • Endometrial ablation (for women not planning future pregnancy)

Lifestyle adjustments:

  • Managing stress

  • Maintaining a healthy weight

  • Nutritional support (especially if anemic)

Why It’s Important

  • Polymenorrhea can affect fertility due to irregular ovulation.

  • Frequent bleeding can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

  • It may be a sign of more serious conditions like fibroids or endometrial disorders.


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